Define,describe and give examples of classical and operant Essay

Define,describe and give examples of classical and operant conditioning - Essay Example If the neutral and unconditioned stimuli are repeatedly paired together, according to the classical conditioning model, the association will produce a behavioral response, which is the â€Å"conditioned response†. Classical conditioning supports the idea that organisms develop responses to particular stimuli that are not naturally occurring but instead generalized from one stimulus onto a neutral stimulus that is paired with it. For instance, in the case of Pavlov’s dog, the meat powder was good, the experimenter was associated with the meat powder, and therefore, the experimenter was associated with good. This syllogistic relationship is a natural and very powerful concept. When Pavlov began pairing a bell sound with the meat powder, he discovered that even when the meat powder did not come, the dogs still responded with salivation. This finding indicated that the dogs prepared for food, even though there was no actual food being presented to them. Operant conditioning is different because it describes a situation in which an individual modifies the content of its behaviors due to an association of that behavior with a stimulus. The classic example involves placing a cat in a box with only one way out.

Communicable Diseases for District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia Assignment

Communicable Diseases for District of Columbia, Maryland, and Virginia - Assignment Example Health officials moved with speed to intervene such that by 16th November, the number of deaths significantly dropped to 5,000. The epidemic was one of the worst in the American history. The influenza had a high virulence hence not easy to contain. The influenza is believed to have been transmitted by sailors in Norfolk (Dinh et al., 2006). About 200,000 people were reportedly infected within the first month of the outbreak. The District of Columbia was hit by the dengue fever epidemic in late September, 2010. By October 1st, 160 cases had been reported. The dengue fever spread exponentially such that by October 8th, about 2000 people had been infected with the flu. 450 victims of dengue fever were reported by mid October (Modis et al., 2004). By the third week of October, 750 people had been infected with the virus. The dengue fever was feared to become a pandemic in the rural areas and along the border. It took the intervention of the health and State authorities in Columbia to warn the people about the high prevalence of the fever along the borders since the disease is mostly transmitted through water and humidity (Gubler, 2002). To effectively contain the disease, there was need for the government of Columbia to work hand in hand with the authorities in regions neighboring Columbia. There was an Ebola outbreak in Reston, Virginia in 1989. An outbreak spread relatively fast; however it was nonlethal to humans. Several lab monkeys died, though. Many people tested positive. It was a unique Ebola outbreak in the U.S. history. Although the Ebola virus could only kill monkeys, it was a major health scare (Geisbert et al., 1992). Fortunately, the U.S. authorities were able to move with speed to contain the Reston virus. Patients exposed to the virus never really got sick. Many Americans viewed the Reston crisis as a health horror. Health officials who tried to contain the situation were exposed to the virus, albeit

Self education made Malcolm X one of the most influential leaders of Essay

Self education made Malcolm X one of the most influential leaders of his time - Essay Example He belonged to a Christian family where his father was a Baptist Minister and a strong supporter of Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Movement. He had a tragic childhood that made him a burglar. While Malcolm X was a child, his house was set on fire one day and his family had to face constant harassment. Due to this, they migrated to Michigan where his father was murdered. His mother could not cope up with the needs of the family and the death of his father. She was finally committed to a mental institution. . [Malcolm X El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz , 2005]. Malcolm X and his siblings were send to different foster homes. [Malcolm X, 2005]. Although, he was a bright student, Malcolm X did not attain education after eighth grade. He migrated to New York were he worked as a waiter in Harlem. Later he was indulged in selling and using drugs, gambling and finally resorted to burglary. He was arrested at the age of 20 and sentenced to ten years of imprisonment. [Malcolm X, 2005] The art of self-education guided Malcolm X to become a voracious reader and enhanced his language skills. While Malcolm X was in prison, his life took a drastic turn. He transformed himself from a burglar to a great follower of Islam. He learned the existence of Ejjah Mohammed and movements of the black Muslims from his siblings who had converted to Muslims. While he was in the prison, he started writing letters and only then, he realized his poor communication skill in English . Due to his immense dedication to enhance reading and writing skills, he got himself a dictionary. He started writing all the words and their meaning in a book and read them aloud. Through this technique, he improved his vocabulary. After acquiring this skill, he could read all the books with ease. He became a voracious reader and attained vast amount of knowledge through these books about slavery and the history of black civilization throughout the world. He read about Gandhi's struggle to attain freedom in India, Abolitionist Anti Slavery society, genetics, religion and philosophy. [Burke, 2004]. Due to the art of self- education, Malcolm X became one of the most influential leaders of the blacks in the 20th century. Due to the language skills that he had acquired in the prison, Malcolm X became a great spokesperson and propagated Islam. He fought for the dignity of the blacks and rose to the position of a minister at the Nation of Islam. [Malcolm X - Black American History, a history of black people in the United States, n. d]. Later he objected to certain viewpoints of Islam and deviated from it. He went to Mecca and propagated that not all whites were devils. He returned to United States and formed the organization of Afro-American Unity. Malcolm X attained this height of success through self-education. [Carson, n. d]. Through his exemplary communication skills, which he mastered through the art of self-education, helped him become a great spokesperson. If not for this technique of education, Malcolm X would have still lived his life in the streets of New York doing petty crimes. The reading habit that he acquired in the prison was his motivating factor in understanding the various concerns faced by the blacks and propelled him to fight for their justice. Conclusion Malcolm X exemplifies the benefits that an individual attains through self -education. This technique teaches an

Positive Consequences Essay Example for Free

Positive Consequences Essay Ethnocentrism is the practice of judging other cultures in the context of one’s own culture. By using the standards of a certain culture to assess other cultures, ethnocentric people often make hasty and offensive generalizations about people whose cultural backgrounds differ from theirs. Racial stereotypes and the usage of scapegoats are two negative effects of ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism A common mistake that occurs in the study of other cultures is the tendency to critically judge the culture being studied using the standards of one’s own culture. In doing so, the researcher imposes the assumptions and perspectives of his or her own culture on everything that he or she encounters about the culture that he or she is studying. The researcher eventually starts to dismiss facts that may appear different or strange to him or her as â€Å"bad,† â€Å"dumb,† â€Å"pagan,† â€Å"primitive,† etc. The end result is that the researcher unknowingly practices ethnocentrism (NCSU-CHASS, n. d. ). â€Å"Us† against â€Å"Them† Merriam-Webster Online (2008) defined ethnocentrism as a â€Å"(belief that is) characterized or based on the attitude that one’s own group is superior† (Merriam-Webster Online, 2008). Ethnocentrism occurs when people make generalizations about other cultures and customs that are based on their own cultural norms. More often than not, ethnocentric individuals unconsciously use their own culture as a universal yardstick that can accurately judge cultures that are different from theirs. As a result, they come up with erroneous, hurtful and disrespectful assumptions about other people (Culbertson, 2008). Positive Consequences Ethnocentrism satisfies the human psyche’s need for identity and belonging. By claiming that his or her culture is â€Å"superior† over other cultures, a person gains a sense of importance over other people. Ethnocentrism also fosters intarethnic loyalty, which, in turn, leads to the survival of a society. In her article Ethnocentrism and Xenophobia: A Cross-Cultural Study (2001), Elizabeth Cashdan argued that being social animals, humans do not have the capacity to survive on their own. They had to form groups or communities wherein members shared the complex responsibilities needed for survival (Cashdan, 2001). But they also have to compete with other groups or communities, especially for resources. In order to win the competition, a community’s sense of identity must be strong enough to motivate its members to abandon personal interests and work together towards the society’s advancement. As a result, the community survives and even improves (Cashdan, 2001). Negative Consequences Ethnocentrism is the root cause of various misconceptions about people of certain cultures. Ethnocentric individuals often create racist stereotypes about them simply because they regard them as â€Å"inferior† or â€Å"uncivilized. † Below are some examples of racist stereotypes: The Mammy. The mammy is the oldest and the most popular racial stereotype regarding African-American women. She is portrayed as dark-skinned, middle aged, overweight, very religious cheerful and extremely loyal and faithful to the white family she was working for. There is no historical evidence that supports the existence of actual mammies. Further research revealed that this stereotype was created to justify the institution of slavery – the mammy was proof that black women were happy and contented as slaves. In addition, her desexualized nature was intended to conceal sexual relations between white men and black female slaves in pre-Civil War America (Pilgrim, 2000). The Tom. The Tom is the male counterpart of the mammy. He is frequently presented as a hardworking, smiling and dependable black server, usually working as a fieldworker, cook, butler, porter or waiter. Just like the mammy, the Tom’s life revolves around his white masters and their families. Furthermore, the Tom is another racial stereotype that was intended to debunk arguments about the evils of slavery. Nowadays, â€Å"Uncle Tom† has evolved into an expression that is used to criticize a black person who is unreasonably subservient to white people. Lotus Blossom. The Lotus Blossom is one of the most well-known stereotypes attached to Asian women. The term â€Å"Lotus Blossom† refers to a prudish, quiet and submissive Asian woman. But Hollywood took this stereotype to a higher level by featuring Asian women who are prudish, quiet and submissive, but at the same time, eager to please white men. Consequently, movies such as â€Å"Street Fighter† and â€Å"The Joy Luck Club† often pair white actors with Asian actresses (Dugong, n. d. ). Dragon Lady. Akin to the Lotus Blossom, the Dragon Lady is also physically stunning. However, the latter uses her sexuality to get what she wants. Aside from having the ability to seduce men, the Dragon Lady also has superior physical strength and martial arts skills. It is believed that she â€Å"has the power to hypnotize her male rivals, gain trust by seducing them, and when they least expect it, she rids of them through sabotage or backstabbing† (Dugong, n. d. ). As a result, this stereotype projected the misconception that Asian women are avaricious and not trustworthy (Dugong, n. d. ). Scapegoats The usage of scapegoats is another detrimental effect of ethnocentrism. Some people and or organizations unjustly blame other people or groups for the occurrence of certain problems. The targets, in turn, receive rejection and even outright persecution from parties that the perpetrators have managed to influence. The Holocaust is a classic example of using other people as scapegoats. Adolf Hitler got himself into power by constantly blaming the Jews for Germany’s economic, political and social instability after World War I. Conclusion There is a saying that prejudice is the idle man’s substitute for thinking. This byword is very much applicable in ethnocentrism. Instead of taking the time to really know other cultures, some people would rather judge them negatively simply because they are different from their culture. True, attacking other cultures unfairly may be cathartic. But doing so also exposes ethnocentric individuals as insecure people who put other people down to make themselves look and feel good.

Tony Horwitz’s Confederates in the Attic, History, and Reconciliation :: Confederates Attic

Tony Horwitz’s Confederates in the Attic, History, and Reconciliation Long after the Civil War we are still fascinated by it. In some circles, the "War of Northern Agression" or the "Lost Cause" is thought of, discussed, brought to life daily. While every war has its fanbase, the Civil War has a special distinction for America. It was the war for the preservation of the Union in some classes, a violent and tyrranical putting-down of a justified rebellion in others. I have never been particularly interested in the war, or any war for that matter. I have also never been terribly entertained by professional sports or cowboy movies, either, so I blame my lack of enthusiasm for Civil War lore and history more on my general lack of manliness rather than any fault of the war’s. It was obviously a very moving conflict. When I moved from Illinois to Arkansas and entered the eighth grade, I discovered my new school was approximately a year behind my old school in most subjects. I spent an additional nine months firming up my knowledge of "Earth Science," and relearning American History. For the most part, the entire academic year was simply a refresher – we even used some of the same textbooks I had used in the seventh gade. It was the same, that is, until we got to the Civil War. In Illinois the war was portrayed in fairly objective terms, something like this: "In the Civil War the North and South fought against each other. The South wanted to secede from the union, and the North wanted to keep the US together, oh and free the slaves. Illinois was part of the North." The instruction wasn’t necessarily complete or elevated, but I never felt like I was personally involved in the war. However, in Arkansas, in the South, I received an education much more like this: "During the Civil War, w e fought against the North. They didn’t want to let us secede. We wanted to, and would have, but we lost. They freed the slaves." Even at 13 I understood there was something very different about the way that people in the North and in the South view the war. Many writers, poets, and critics have pronounced that part of what makes the South so southern is the fact that it builds itself on its past. It cannot let go of the past. Tony Horwitz’s Confederates in the Attic, History, and Reconciliation :: Confederates Attic Tony Horwitz’s Confederates in the Attic, History, and Reconciliation Long after the Civil War we are still fascinated by it. In some circles, the "War of Northern Agression" or the "Lost Cause" is thought of, discussed, brought to life daily. While every war has its fanbase, the Civil War has a special distinction for America. It was the war for the preservation of the Union in some classes, a violent and tyrranical putting-down of a justified rebellion in others. I have never been particularly interested in the war, or any war for that matter. I have also never been terribly entertained by professional sports or cowboy movies, either, so I blame my lack of enthusiasm for Civil War lore and history more on my general lack of manliness rather than any fault of the war’s. It was obviously a very moving conflict. When I moved from Illinois to Arkansas and entered the eighth grade, I discovered my new school was approximately a year behind my old school in most subjects. I spent an additional nine months firming up my knowledge of "Earth Science," and relearning American History. For the most part, the entire academic year was simply a refresher – we even used some of the same textbooks I had used in the seventh gade. It was the same, that is, until we got to the Civil War. In Illinois the war was portrayed in fairly objective terms, something like this: "In the Civil War the North and South fought against each other. The South wanted to secede from the union, and the North wanted to keep the US together, oh and free the slaves. Illinois was part of the North." The instruction wasn’t necessarily complete or elevated, but I never felt like I was personally involved in the war. However, in Arkansas, in the South, I received an education much more like this: "During the Civil War, w e fought against the North. They didn’t want to let us secede. We wanted to, and would have, but we lost. They freed the slaves." Even at 13 I understood there was something very different about the way that people in the North and in the South view the war. Many writers, poets, and critics have pronounced that part of what makes the South so southern is the fact that it builds itself on its past. It cannot let go of the past.

Effects on plastic surgery

Purpose: The audience will know about the effects of the plastic surgery. Thesis: Effects on plastic surgery. Introduction A. Plastic surgery is a medical specialty concerned with the â€Å"correction† or restoration of form and function. B. There are many types of plastic surgery such as cosmetic surgery, reconstructive surgery, hand surgery, microsurgery, and the treatment of burns. C. However, plastic surgery can have positive and negative effects. Transition: Let me start explaining about the positive effects on plastic surgery. Body 1. Re-contouring A.This is the process of plastic surgery that includes procedures such a liposuction, which involves the removal of fat from the body. B. Not only does this make you look more attractive, but controlled liposuction can remove safe amounts of fat from your body to aid in overall health. Transition: Another positive effect of plastic surgery is†¦ 2. Confidence A. This is a big benefit that comes along with plastic surgery. B. Confidence makes people psychologically fit and happy, and generally improves their style of life. Transition: Now let me turn to the third effects which are†¦ . Wounds & Accidents A. Many people go to a plastic surgeon because they have been in some kind of accident. B. In order to reduce major scarring, plastic surgery is required Transition: Lastly, the positive effects on plastic surgery are†¦ 4. Age-Deflance A. The affects of aging can be prolonged or reversed with plastic surgery. B. Wrinkles can be removed as well as age spots and sagging skin. C. When kept toa minimum, plastic surgery can take years off your apparent age. Transition: Now, let me proceed to the negative effects on plastic surgery. 1.Cost A. When people decide to undergo cosmetic surgery, they often consult a rofessional who gives them an estimate as to the cost. B. This estimate isn't a binding contract, but a guess as to how much the procedure will cost. C. The actual cost can rise dramatically over this estimate, leading patients to suffer pressure to pay the entire amount even if they cannot afford it. D. When the cost is spread out over a payment plan, it can cause more stress. Transition: Now, let's turn to a second negative effects on plastic surgery†¦ 2. Emotional Effects A.The emotional effects on patients' well-being are one of the negative effects of osmetic surgery. B. While they go under the knife to fix a problem they see on the outside, this sometimes only serves as a bandage on the larger problem. C. After the surgery they continue to sutter trom a body image distortion . D. A small number ot patients continue to go back to the surgeon to fix other problems they see instead of trying to find a real solution to the problem. Conclusion Before I end my speech, I would like to review that†¦ Plastic surgery can have either negative or positive effects. We should know how to evaluate it wisely.

The Cosby Show American the Different Sides

The Cosby Show changed the stereotypical roles that were usually handed to black films and movies. Before the Cosby Show there were shows like Sandford & Son and Good Times that portrayed black in poverty. The Cosby Show however focused on issues that pertained to everyone with a focus on black people. They addressed issues such as pregnancy, educatiion, marriage, and even touched on music. The days of poor black in television and movies are gone. Wtaching an episode of the Cosby Show is an inspiration to everyone who sees it. Being able to watch where there is a black family not struggling to pay the rent is rejuvenatihng t6o me. We have a husband who is a doctor and a wife that is an attorney that shows examples of what living in America is like from a educational point of view versus just what a sterotypical black family life would be. The Cosby Show focuses on what it is like to be pregnant and go through labor and delivery pains in dealing with real life situations. The show also focuses on a happy married life and the problems that can arise within a family. I never knew how smooth jazz could be until I had seen an episode of the Cosby Show. Going to college is a dream that most people try to achieve. Until I had watched the Cobsy Show I was never really informed on what it would be like to go to college. I never knew there were prominent black colleges and universities. I think that being able to have a good television show that shows real life examples of life is what helps make this a graet society to live in, the Cosby Show is that show. Once in a while the show highlighted musical guest usually jazz and blues artists. Three was an episode where BB King guest starred and showed America how he helped his guitar â€Å"Lucile†. The Cosby Show is an example of if you put your mind to it you can do anything, and today America knows that.

How to Write a Scholarship Essay Detailed Guidelines to Help You

How to Write a Scholarship Essay Detailed Guidelines to Help You When looking for available options to fund your further college education after graduating from a high school, you may come across different scholarship essay contests that can award you with the money necessary to earn your degree. They ask you to submit a winning application. How to write a scholarship essay? This process isn’t easy and it requires you to brainstorm original ideas, create an effective outline, and make a strong point. Focus on good examples, use efficient tips, and read the papers written by a successful person who won a contest in the past. How to start your scholarship essay? To comprehend how to write a winning scholarship application essay, read prompts to give an accurate response in your own words. These are statements or questions that you need to respond. Understanding them ensures that you’ll stay on topic and fulfill academic expectations. If you aren’t sure what the theme your scholarship essay should be, look at the main purpose of the chosen contest and learn why organizations give away money. Write your paper with these reasons in mind. Other guidelines for how to write a scholarship essay that you should follow include: Brainstorming ideas; Outlining your piece of writing; Stating your thesis; Offering supporting points. Brainstorming interesting ideas Once you understand your prompts, sit down and brainstorm interesting ideas to save more energy and time for composing your future scholarship essay. Write down everything you think important and appropriate. It’s possible to generate good ideas by freewriting, the exercise that focuses on responding to the questions that you find in your prompts. Read your notes and highlight all useful ideas. ASK FOR PROFESSIONAL HELP Outlining your scholarship essay It may be shorter than standard academic papers and its length depends on a specific scholarship contest. Think about breaking your essay down into three basic sections. What are they? An introductory paragraph that contains a special hook and your thesis (it’s an opening part that catches readers’ attention and draws them in); Body paragraphs with strong supporting evidence for your thesis that explores major themes (feel free to use personal reflections and experiences); A concluding section that wraps up important information and contains a moral of your story. Stating your strong thesis It’s a focus of your entire scholarship essay because its thesis acts as a guide or your roadmap. Make it strong to ensure that your paper feels concise and direct. What is the main point of your writing in just one sentence? Create your thesis statement by answering this question and focusing on its brevity and specificity to save time and achieve good results. Offering supporting points Include a few supporting points and transitions in the main body of your scholarship essay because they will help you structure it properly. They should support your thesis. These points can help you make it easier to write this paper because you don’t have to look for additional evidence. Steps for composing your scholarship essay If you wonder how to write a winning scholarship essay, check out these basic steps that will make your life easier: Create a hook; Make it specific and personal to you; Tailor it to your targeted audience; Include important accomplishments; Avoid common clichà ©s; Use your inspirational and positive tone. What is a hook? A hook is the opening line of your scholarship essay that should be engaging, bold, and specific to draw your readers in. Your strong hook can help it stand out from other applications. Avoid writing vague, dry, and impersonal opening lines because they won’t tell committee members anything about your individuality and perspective. Make it specific and personal Your scholarship essay will be strong and impressive if you focus it on how you relate to given prompts on your personal level. Use a personal approach to tell readers your story. This simple strategy will make your paper feel specific and personal while telling all committee members more about you as their perfect candidate. Tailor it to your targeted audience Consider who will read your scholarship essay to make it appealing to the targeted audience. Think about their expectations to appeal to their interests. Although you should be focused, passionate, and personal, it’s necessary to include the details that can interest your readers at once. Committee members want to know your personal experiences and expect you to address prompts and meet the necessary academic requirements. ORDER MY SCHOLARSHIP ESSAY Why are accomplishments important? Don’t be afraid to include your major achievements and awards because you’re writing a scholarship essay to impress readers and show them why you’re the best candidate. Put your accomplishments in context and share details about them. Use them to relate to prompts if possible. Avoid common clichà ©s To write the best scholarship essay and impress committee members, it’s advisable to be original and honest. Many applicants use clichà ©s and submit unspecific personal narratives. Avoid clichà ©s because they will tell readers that you aren’t creative enough. Think about your personal experiences and circumstances that shaped your individuality and explain why you’re privileged and should win a contest. Avoid making a scholarship essay your confessional narrative where you relay all of your terrible past sins and redemption experiences. This paper should highlight your winning life events and qualities. Confessing your past crimes will never make you appear the best candidate to win awards and get the money you need for further education. Use your inspirational and positive tone A successful scholarship essay should present a positive and relatable tone to help you win. How to achieve it? Use only inspirational personal experiences and examples to demonstrate committee members how you overcame challenges or difficulties in your life. Don’t forget to polish your final draft. The above-mentioned tips will help you draft a perfect scholarship paper. If you still have difficulties, get expert assistance online and use top-quality services of professional writers ready to help you 24 hours per day.

Canada Defense Relations essays

Canada Defense Relations essays Canada-United States Defence Cooperation Since the 1940s when Prime Minister Mackenzie King signed the Ogdensburg Agreement, which acknowledged a joint board on the defence of North America, the Canadian-American cooperation in the defence of the continent has persisted and remained strong regardless of the continuous and evolving challenges. This relationship was tested rigorously over the years, especially during the 1950s. During this period, at the peak of the Cold war, Canadian and American defence relations were quite strong. The security of the entire continent was put at risk by the constant threat of nuclear strike. In September 1957, Canada and the United States agreed to create the North American Air Defence Command, better known as NORAD . Its main purpose was to defend the continent against the ever growing threat of Soviet bombers. On May 12th 1958, NORAD was formed and a strong defence relationship was formed between the two nations; one that would last for years. The formation included 11 principles which would govern the establishment and call for a renewal of the agreement, which was performed in 1968. The NORAD agreement between the two nations has been improved and revised several times since: May 1973; May 1980; March 1981 (change of name: North American Aerospace Defence Command); March 1986; April 1991; March 1996 and June 2000. The strength of the agreement and an indicatio n to the cooperation of U.S. and Canada is the continuous adaptation to the challenges posed by the ever changing threats. The new agreement (March 1996 renewal), included a consultative mechanism for issues concerning aerospace defence cooperation and, a provision for the review and management of environmental practices related to NORAD operations. As part of its aerospace control mission, NORAD also assists civil authorities in the detection and monitoring of aircraft suspected if ille...

Civil War Prisoner Exchanges and the Dix-Hill Cartel

Civil War Prisoner Exchanges and the Dix-Hill Cartel During the U.S. Civil War, both sides participated in the exchange of prisoners of war who had been captured by the other side.  Although there was not a formal agreement in place, prisoner exchanges had taken place as a result of kindness between opposing leaders after a hard-fought battle.   Initial Agreement for Prisoner Exchanges Originally, the Union refused to formally enter into an official agreement that would establish guidelines pertaining to the structure of how these prisoner exchanges would occur. This was due to the fact that  the U.S. government had steadfastly refused to recognize the Confederate States of America as a valid governmental entity, and there was a fear that entering into any formal agreement could be viewed as legitimizing the Confederacy as a separate entity.   However, the capture of over a thousand Union soldiers at the First Battle of Bull Run in late July 1861 created the impetus for public push to conduct formal prisoner exchanges.   In December 1861, in a joint resolution the U.S. Congress called for President Lincoln to establish parameters for prisoner exchanges with the Confederacy.   Over the next several months, Generals from both forces made unsuccessful attempts to draft a unilateral prison exchange agreement. Creation of the Dix-Hill Cartel Then in July 1862, Union Major General John A. Dix and Confederate Major General D. H. Hill met in the James River in Virginia at Haxalls Landing and came to an agreement whereby all soldiers were assigned an exchange value based upon their military rank.  Under what would become known as the Dix-Hill Cartel, exchanges of Confederate and Union Army soldiers would be made as follows: Soldiers of equivalent ranks would be exchanged on a one to one value,Corporals and sergeants were worth two privates,Lieutenants were worth four privates,A captain was worth six privates,A major was worth eight privates,A lieutenant-colonel was worth ten privates,A colonel was worth fifteen privates,A brigadier general was worth twenty privates,A major general was worth forty privates, andA commanding general was worth sixty privates. The Dix-Hill Cartel also assigned similar exchange values of Union and Confederate naval officers and seamen based upon their equivalent rank to their respective armies. Prisoner Exchange and the Emancipation Proclamation These exchanges were made to alleviate the issues and costs associated with maintaining captured soldiers by both sides, as well as the logistics of moving the prisoners.  However, in September 1862, President Lincoln issued a Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation that provided in part that if the Confederates failed to end fighting and rejoin the U.S. prior to January 1, 1863  then all slaves held in the Confederate States would become free. In addition, it called for the enlistment of black soldier into service in the Union Army. This prompted Confederate States of America President Jefferson Davis to issue a proclamation on December 23, 1862 which provided that there would be no exchange of either captured black soldiers or their white officers. A mere nine days later – January 1, 1863 – President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation which called for the eradication of slavery and for the enlistment of freed slaves into the Union Army. In what has historically been considered President Lincoln’s reaction to December 1862 Proclamation of Jefferson Davis, the Lieber Code was put into effect in April 1863 addressing humanity during wartime with the provision that all prisoners, regardless of color, would be treated alike. Then the Congress of the Confederate States passed a resolution in May 1863 that codified President Davis’ December 1862 proclamation that the Confederacy would not exchange captured black soldiers.   The results of this legislative action became evident in July 1863 when a number of captured U.S. black soldiers from a Massachusetts regiment were not exchanged along with their fellow white prisoners. The End of Prisoner Exchanges During the Civil War The U.S. suspended the Dix-Hill Cartel on July 30, 1863 when President Lincoln issued an order providing that until such time as the Confederates treated black soldiers the same as white soldiers there would no longer be any prisoner exchanges between the U.S. and the Confederacy. This  effectively ended prisoner exchanges and unfortunately resulted in captured soldiers from both sides being subjected to horrific and inhumane conditions in prisons such as Andersonville in the South and Rock Island in the North.

James C. Curtis, Andrew Jackson and the Search for Vindication Essay

James C. Curtis, Andrew Jackson and the Search for Vindication - Essay Example Throughout the start of the book, Curtis widely relates Andrew’s early encounters with his prospective motivations both in political and personal thoughts. Andrew Jackson personally participated in important national and international events within the period between, 1767 and 1845. For one, it is within this period that Andrew Jackson was the seventh president of the U.S. serving between 1829 and 1837. During this period, he remained a polarizing figure and controlled the Second Party System. As a president, he demolished the national bank and repositioned most Indian tribes to the west of river Mississippi. Before this, Jackson had served as a politician and an army general who was able to defeat the Indians during the 1814 battle of Horseshoe Bend. Similarly, Andrew defeated the British forces during the 1815 battle of New Orleans. It is during this period that Jackson became a rich slaveholder and appealed to the United States’ common people. He is also known for po litically fighting against what he referred to as closed and undemocratic aristocracy, hence, the era of Jacksonian democracy. Another event that marks this period in Jackson’s life is the Nullification crisis. This crisis was characterized by the tariff issue that evidently established one of the most important elements of Jackson’s term as a president. ... Andrew Jackson was extraordinarily successful in national politics as he played a major role in it. For instance, the Americans viewed Jackson as the embodiment of success as he was a man who could overcome inseparable opposition through determination. Hence, he was referred to as the Man of Iron Will .One of his remarkable characteristics as president was his well-known inflexibility of purpose. Andrew Jackson has remained extraordinary, as he was able to close the second Bank of the United States. He did this in order to avoid the destruction that would befall the bank due to corruption. Another noticeable success of Jackson was his famous duel with Charles Dickson, as suggested by O'Brien (89). In the duel, he was able to use his wisdom and ended the life of Dickson. Hence, his behavior in the duel gave an example of animal courage and demonstrated his ability to conquer battles. Jackson also alleged in rights of the states. He asserted that there were firm limits in the constitut ion in as far as federal government authority was concerned. As a result, he supported the state of Georgia in its jurisdictional disagreement with the federal government concerning the Cherokees. Moreover, Jackson strived to advance the common person interest against his almost equally corrupt opponents. Andrew Jackson also had outspoken commitment to particular principles that led him to shaping his party. He was also consciously and honestly dedicated to working people whether in agriculture or industry and to the America’s democratization. As a result, he insisted to limited public economy and government apart from where the President’s power was required to defend the interest of the

Does a cervical collar immobilization device improve patient outcomes Research Paper

Does a cervical collar immobilization device improve patient outcomes - Research Paper Example One of the reasons for such uncertainty is the lack of effective measure to evaluate and ascertain the extent of injury to the patient in the prehospital stage in the emergency scenario. Another reason is the lack of proper definition for immobilization. While some experts recommend immobilization as a routine protocol in all resuscitation protocols, a few of them question the very application of cervical immobilization arguing that it has very little impact on the outcomes of the patient. In many hospital protocols, selective spinal immobilization has been employed and the emergency medical personnel decide whether cervical immobilization, cervical collar or long spine board is necessary for the patient. It is a well known fact that early management of an individual with suspected or potential cervical spine injury begins at the accident scene. This is because of the chief concern that impairment of the neurologic function can ensue due to pathologic motion of the vertebrae that are injured. It has been estimated that 3- 25 percent of spinal cord injuries occur after the traumatic insult during early treatment or transit. Mishandling of cervical spine results in poor outcomes. Thus, spinal immobilization has become an integral part of prehospital spinal care until injury to the spine is rules out. A cervical collar, also known as neck brace, is a medical equipment which is used to support the cervical spinal cord of the patient. The collar mainly stabilizes the cervical vertebrae C1-C7. The exact definition of cervical spinal immobilization is yet unclear. In a retrospective study by Jin et al (p.401), the researchers examined the sensitivity of a prehospital protocol in which there are 5 criteria for immobilization of spine and they are presence of any neurological deficit, decreased awareness in terms of time, person and place, presence of intoxication, pain on palpation of the spine and age of atleast 65 years. This study included 238 victims of trauma. Of these, atleast 236 individuals had atleast one of the five criteria and thus received immobilization. Of the 2 cases who has no positive findings and hence did not receive any immobilization, one had a small fissure in the arch of C2 and the other had fracture of the transverse process of L3. Both the patients were discharged within 24 hours. Thus, it can be said that hospital protocols for spinal immobilization can be sensitive upto 99.2 percent. The effectiveness and benefits of immobilization of the spine depends on the perfection in application of the immobilization technique. Generally, immobilization of spine consists of a cervical collar that supports either side of the head, and the long and short back boards which have straps attached to them to immobilize the rest of the body. Mozalewski (cited in AANS, p.6) opined that unless the motion of trunk also was minimized along with motion of head, spine immobilization was ineffective. The literature review by AANS (p.6) drew som e implications about spine immobilization practices in an emergency setting. The review opines that studies pertaining to spinal immobilization are limited because none of the studies actually evaluate the full range of available devices. However, from whatever results are available, it appears that a combination of cervical collar immobilization with supportive straps on a rigid long spinal

The exact meaning of Europe is ambiguous and it is not possible to Essay

The exact meaning of Europe is ambiguous and it is not possible to accurately define it. Do you agree - Essay Example In Chinese, Europe is referred to as Ouzhu- which is a derivative of the word Europa. Furthermore, the continent has also been referred to as Frengistan (land of the Franks) by the Turkish civilization. Many other languages have referred to the region in similar context, but there has not been any single undisputed explanation of the meaning of the term Europe that is used for the continent (Malmborg, 2002). Studies related to history and politics have been the source of many co mbnnclusive reforms and facts for the development of thought and academia. However, in the discussions and origins of political terms and slogans, there have been many inconclusive debates due to an absence of a factual historical dictionary. Since there has been an absence of this etymological record in the form of a dictionary, any factual brief on many political terms and slogans has been hard to find. Moreover, any research that may be taken up would in turn be significantly time consuming and may never have a conclusive statement of their backgrounds (Boer, 1995). The lack in the research material and weak records of terms and their origins, has made the structured method of investigation in political expressions and education and development of ideas weak and the theories challengeable. Many revered literary works in the field relating to philological dictionaries, especially referred for the European languages, have not been of much help either in any conclusive remarks on these political terms and semantics (Boer, 1995). The main reason for this to happen is that most of the literary research ahs been the work of the esteemed scholars and critics has been entirely focused and centred on philology and literature. Hence, there has not been much concentration and attention on works related on political semantics and historical slogans. Furthermore, the links in these works present and developed internationally along with the different views

Total Quality Management - CASE STUDY Assignment

Total Quality Management - CASE STUDY - Assignment Example The aim is to find the solutions to the problems that the Company A met in the implementation of TQ to suggest alternative paths by assimilating the practiced quality management systems with others such as lean manufacturing, as introduced at MIT for producing quality care efficiently, Six Sigma including FEMA for reducing defects to near-zero along with ISO standards. Coming back to the question above, the most likely approach used for quality management systems and processing at a time when progress regarding improvement had â€Å"plateaued† was to put on hold further development until issues on the priority list were sorted out. This was also the expert review of the investigative parent company of Company A. Earlier, the company A had taken certain one-off advances which have provided leverages but setting them aside, otherwise the approach of management had been irregular and doubtful. The management applied different parameters of saying something and doing differently such as quality was given the topmost priority in discussions but the actual preference was to reach production targets irrespective of quality considerations. Processes were never completed for initiating new product leaving the scope of improvement in new product at later stages of manufacturing, which affected the cost factor leading to reduced returns. In this regard, it is important to know the stage of the new product where corrections are made as a new product at definition phase costs 1$, which if rectified at production stage costs 1000$. Being a manufacturing unit, the emphasis remains on meeting quality requirements, reliability, and process-control besides cost reduction while attending to engineering and manufacturing aspects of the products. In the given context, the Company A committed such errors more often, thus, increasing the cost of meeting quality benchmarks. The approach for q uality management systems included new tools and techniques such as Statistical Process

Employee motivation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Employee motivation - Case Study Example The subject context analyzes various environmental circumstances with close scrutiny on company performance. A discussion on the matter also tackles employee expectations and eventual outcomes in an organization. The authors use statistical data as indicators to the study presented. As such the article compares notes from various organizational settings. The context presented has several credible viewpoints to concerning employee motivation factors. The authors argue employee motivation factors from a logical perspective. The authors say â€Å"An organization as a whole clearly has to attend to the four fundamental emotional drives, but so must individual managers† (Nohria, Groysberg & Lee, 2008). According to this view managers have a responsibility to identify driving forces in the scope of employee motivation. However, the article has limitations to working environments that have complex structures. The authors have failed to provide alternatives to extended institutions. In my opinion, Employee Motivation by Nohria, Groysberg and Lee (2008) addresses significant issues that affect organizational performance. The approach used by the author is effective evidenced by the supported company analysis. Additional review of other related journals on the same topic would enrich the article

Total Quality Management - CASE STUDY Assignment

Total Quality Management - CASE STUDY - Assignment Example The aim is to find the solutions to the problems that the Company A met in the implementation of TQ to suggest alternative paths by assimilating the practiced quality management systems with others such as lean manufacturing, as introduced at MIT for producing quality care efficiently, Six Sigma including FEMA for reducing defects to near-zero along with ISO standards. Coming back to the question above, the most likely approach used for quality management systems and processing at a time when progress regarding improvement had â€Å"plateaued† was to put on hold further development until issues on the priority list were sorted out. This was also the expert review of the investigative parent company of Company A. Earlier, the company A had taken certain one-off advances which have provided leverages but setting them aside, otherwise the approach of management had been irregular and doubtful. The management applied different parameters of saying something and doing differently such as quality was given the topmost priority in discussions but the actual preference was to reach production targets irrespective of quality considerations. Processes were never completed for initiating new product leaving the scope of improvement in new product at later stages of manufacturing, which affected the cost factor leading to reduced returns. In this regard, it is important to know the stage of the new product where corrections are made as a new product at definition phase costs 1$, which if rectified at production stage costs 1000$. Being a manufacturing unit, the emphasis remains on meeting quality requirements, reliability, and process-control besides cost reduction while attending to engineering and manufacturing aspects of the products. In the given context, the Company A committed such errors more often, thus, increasing the cost of meeting quality benchmarks. The approach for q uality management systems included new tools and techniques such as Statistical Process

How Eukaryote Cells Came into Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

How Eukaryote Cells Came into Life - Essay Example Prokaryotes had been first found around 3.5 billion years, which is just a billion years following the formation of the earth’s crust. Till today these life forms remain to be the most profuse ones, and since they have a very varied metabolism as compared to the eukaryotes, we can find a great many kinds of prokaryotic types. Since eukaryotic cells comprise of a huge majority of multi-cellular organisms and other complex cells, their origin has been considered a great highlight in the evolution of life. It is not really possible to determine when exactly these cells came into existence but according to Knoll (2006) it was around 1.6 – 2.1 billion years ago that eukaryotic cells took form. Certain acritarchs have been said to have originated 1650 million years ago and Grypania is an alga that was probably discovered to be approximately 2100 million years back. Besides this, it is the opinion of biomarkers that stem eukaryotes had come into being even before this and, as an example, steranes were found to be present in Australian shales almost 2.7 billion years ago. In 1966 the endosymbiosis theory was proposed by Lynn Margulis and he said that the prokaryotic cells and the initial eukaryotic cells lived together. At the beginning there was much hesitation in the acceptance of this theory. Eukaryote cells are more complicated and are set inside membranes while prokaryote cells do not have any membrane bound organelle. Another difference between these two cells is that eukaryotes have a cell nucleus while prokaryotes do not. This nucleus contains the DNA of the cell. Secondly, the size of eukaryotes is bigger as in the width and thus the volume is also more as compared to the prokaryotes. Chromosomes are present in eukaryotes which are actually where the DNA is. The movement of eukaryotes are controlled by motile cilia, also called flagella; and the flagella of eukaryotes are quite simple as compared to those in prokaryotes. Besides this, eukaryotes are like prokaryotes in respect to the plasma membrane and its function, but there is slight difference in the setup. Symbiosis as a mutually beneficial relationship happens when there are two species living together or closely for very long durations. This association is actually known as symbiotic, the word meaning to live together. Now there are different kinds of such a relationship and one is mutualism in which both the species get something out of the relationship. A very common example is that between plants and fungi. MAIN BODY Eukaryotes have been explained through various ways. An attempt has been made to explain the origin of these cells through the endosymbiotic theory as well, which was first proposed in 1905. This theory is basically concerned with the mitochondria, plastids and similar other organelles of the eukaryotes. This theory proposes that there were some specific kinds of organelles which actually came into being as free living bacteria. These were then taken within another cell as endosymbionts. Thus took place the development of cells and proteobacteria resulted in mitochondria while cyanobacteria lead to chloroplasts. In 1966 this theory was again proposed by Lynn Margulis and he said that the prokaryotic cells and the initial eukaryotic cells lived together. At the beginning there was much hesitation in the acceptance of this theory. Eukaryotes have double membranes around them. Within these membrane-bound compartments take place certain metabolic activities. As

Hannah and Her Sisters Essay Example for Free

Hannah and Her Sisters Essay Relationships in New York are as complex as the city itself. Nothing can be considered as sedentary because of the always changing temperaments of people, development in the place and other factors that contribute to change. It is surprising though that no matter how complex human relationships are; people (in New York) seem not to take it heavily. It may be because of their fast paced lifestyle that they don’t see the heavy impact of certain situations unless it has something to do with career goals. In the movie Hannah and Her Sisters, Woody Allen used comic archetypes to satirize relationships on New York City by exaggerating the kind of intricate relationships and character’s reactions towards situations in a comical way. He showed that people have the tendency not to care how absurd their relationships with others are as long as they maintain their image and keep up with their goals. The story revolved around the intertwined relationships of three sisters with their husbands and exes. To some cultures (other states), the circumstances that the sisters got into may not be dealt as light as they did. To others, the family might condemn the husband if he falls in love with his wife’s sister because it will cause conflicts between the sisters. Woody Allen made the characters in the movie treat the state of affairs in a romantic and funny way. Through the movie, Woody Allen showed that relationships in New York are that complicated however, people generally manage to maintain a positive outlook in life. It is noticeable that in the movie, Allen imposed a happy ending when all of the sisters are happily married.

Looking At The Maybank ATM Machines

Looking At The Maybank ATM Machines Maybank was founded by Malaysian business tycoon Khoo Teck Puat, who died in 2004. Amirsham Abdul Aziz. Dato Sri Abdul Wahid Omar was officially appointed as President and CEO of Maybank Group in May 2008. (http://www.maybank2u.com.my/) Today, it is the largest financial services group in Malaysia. Its extensive products and services include commercial banking, investment banking, Islamic banking, offshore banking, leasing and hire purchase, insurance, factoring, trustee services, asset management, stock broking, nominee services, venture capital and Internet banking. (http://www.maybank2u.com.my/) Maybank currently ranks among the top five banks in ASEAN, and is a Qualifying Full Bank (QFB) in Malaysia. For the convenience of Maybank customers, all Maybanks 374 branch offices and more than 2,800 ATM machines are strategically located in both the business districts and suburban estates.( http://www.maybank2u.com.my/) Today, Maybank proudly stands above its peers as Malaysias flagship financial services group in a vibrant, strong and highly competitive banking and financial services landscape. Total assets of the Group stand at RM310.7 billion.( http://www.maybank2u.com.my/) 2.0 Internal Chiefly, the environmental factors are categorized into two different groups, they are internal and external. Internal factors are taken place within the boundaries of organisation. Specifically to the case of Maybank, there are few significant internal factors that they are subject to will be examined such as products and services, vision and mission, SWOT analysis, and Leadership. 2.1 SWOT analysis Strength well known bank 374 branch offices in Malaysia. more than 2,800 ATM machines Correspondent banking relationship with 700 foreign banks throughout the world. Strong performance where it was listed second largest in Malaysia Stock Exchange and Bursa Malaysia Weaknesses -Inefficient Service and poor customer Service. Have to pay huge amount of money to stakeholder Opportunities -experts in the industry and shares their experience with the employee Maybank have many other investments from other companies Threat Economic slowdown like right now where stalling economies are bad for the banking sector Table 1.0 SWOT analysis 2.1.1STRENGTHS It is a well known bank where it have over 374 branch office and more than 2,800 ATM machines. Correspondent banking relationship with 700 foreign banks throughout the world. It also have diversity in product where they provide opening account, giving loan, credit cards, investment insurance, and Islamic banking.(http://www.maybank2u.com.my/) Strong performance where it was listed second largest in Malaysia Stock Exchange and Bursa Malaysia and Maybank workforce come from a multifaceted background of skills, disciplines, experience and industry knowledge to create talented teams of idea generators. 2.1.2WEAKNESSES Inefficient Service and poor customer service, for example Maybank does not have bank systems be automated with built-in security features to verify their customers accounts and details without having to rely on a piece of physical paper with a signature. This would make customer harder to replace card or change account if go to different branch. This kind of service is totally unacceptable in todays competitive world where time equals money. Have to pay huge amount of money to stake where dividend payout ratio (of 60%) to the stakeholders. They set policy to pay dividend of 60% percent of their profit as the long term policy. 2.1.3OPPORTUNITIE Growth of existing market where Maybank is experts in the industry and shares their experience with the employee so by then they can expand further in the industry. Maybank have many other investments from other companies and expand its operations in Vietnam, China, Philippines and India. (http://www.maybank2u.com.my/) 2.1.4THREATS Economic slowdown like right now where stalling economies are bad for the banking sector as it impedes loans growth which is the sectors bread and butter (borrowers become more cautious) and it stirs up bad loans (due to the burden of rising borrowing cost) which in turn erodes a banks financial comfort.) The job is made harder by a brutally competitive landscape HSBC and how it has grown from the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corp in the past to becoming a truly global bank today. They were even been bold enough to venture into Islamic Banking and created HSBC Amanah at a time when most banks, especially foreign ones, were figuring out what Islamic Bank was all about and were skeptical.(http://www.hsbc.com.my/1/2/personal-banking/deposits/basic-current-and-amanah-basic-current-account-i) 2.2Product and service Maybank product and service range includes commercial banking, investment banking Islamic banking, offshore banking, insurance and takaful, factoring, trustee services, asset management, stock broking, nominee services, venture capital and internet banking.Maybank has consistently set new benchmark for the product and service delivery by achieving many firsts in the industry which include the first to introduce a rural credit scheme, mobile banking services, internet banking and receivable financing on a non-recourse basis.( http://www.maybank2u.com.my/) The product is designed to satisfy a certain need and normally is sold in a competitive environment and so that product success is very much driven by market forces and must compete on cost, quality in the board sense, and delivery time.(Derek L.Waller 2003,page 147) In an effort to reinforce service quality standards and continuously promote service excellence, the Maybank implements various programmes such as customer sales, and service training programmes, service standards monitoring, and customer surveys. In Maybank, it has several different type of savings account services provide to the customer.Example for the savings account products are Golden Savers Saving Account, specially tailored for senior citizens, retirees and those planning for early retirement. This account offers high returns and a host of other benefits and discounts meant to enhance your golden years. Yippie saving account a saving account designed for children aged below 18 years old.Children can start an account with as little as rm1, and enjoy monthly dividend on a profit-sharing basis. (To get more information, please refer to appendix 1 and appendix 2) (http://www.maybank2u.com.my/) 2.3 Vision and mission Vision The visions of Maybank are To be a leading regional financial services group by 2015. Mission An organization need to have effective operation management effort must have Mission, it will help them knows it is going and provide boundaries and focus for organization. Maybank mission are 1) To be the top five financial services group in South/South East Asia, by size and Performance. 2) Undisputed leadership in Malaysia, across all high margin/profitable products/segments 3) Truly regional organization, with 40% of gross loans derived from international operations 4) Recognition for delivering innovative and superior value proposition to customers 5) Top quartile employer of talent in each of our markets. (http://www.maybank2u.com.my/) (To get more information please refer to appendix 3) Figure 1.0 Leap 30 Performance Improvement Programme 2.4 Leadership Maybank is committed to inculcating a leadership culture which not only encourages high impact communication but also values ideas and feedback. Active communication is the key to ensuring Maybankers are well-informed and knowledgeable about the Groups operations, business strategies and management decisions. As part of Maybank vision to create world-class managers, Maybank have a robust Leadership Model built on the leadership philosophy and competencies that are required to support the Groups aspirations. Maybanks leadership philosophy describes the essence of a great leader guided by the corporate values of teamwork, integrity, growth, excellence, efficiency and relationship building. The leadership competencies serve as a guideline for assessment of leaders and reiterate the six core competencies that every Maybank leader should have. These are strategic thinking, a spirit for achievement, ability to develop talent and cultivate relationships, being customer-centric and the desire to innovate and change. (http://www.maybank2u.com.my/) In order to increase the effectiveness of maybank staff, a Mentoring programme was introduced for the succession plan candidates of identified C-suite positions. Foundation programmes within Maybanks Personal Managerial Effectiveness Learning Roadmap were also structured for entry level and executive positions while intermediate programmes were targeted at team leaders and new managers. The advanced programme promotes a talent development culture which places emphasis on leadership across all boundaries. One such example is the Maybank Great Manager (MGM) programme aimed at improving managerial skills, capabilities and knowledge. In 2009, a total of 103 Human Capital workshops involving the participation of 2,000 managers were completed.(http://www.maybank2u.com.my/) Maybank Annual report 2009 3.0External 3.1Political and Legal The operations of Maybank are affected by the government policies on the regulations of banking industry. Currently government are controlling the marketing of banking industry because of responsible for promoting a stable monetary and financial structure.. Governments also control the license given for open the banking industry and other legislation need to follow such as Central Bank of Malaysia act 2009,Banking and Financial Institutions Act 1989(BAFIA), and Exchange Control Act 1953. (http://www.bnm.gov.my/index.php?ch=14)Good relationship with government in giving mutual benefits such as employment and tax is a must for the company to succeed in any foreign market. Maybank should also protect its workers by ensuring all the hiring, compensation, training or repatriation is according to Malaysian Labor Law as stipulated. Example Wages, salaries, bonuses and social security contributions are recognised as an expense in the year in which the associated services are rendered by empl oyees of the Group and the Bank.(http://www.maybank2u.com.my/) 3.2Economics The year 2009 was tough would be an understatement given the upheaval created worldwide as a result of the global financial crisis that saw financial giants fail or requiring Government support. In these difficult times, Maybank remained prepared and strong. Maybank was able to withstand the challenges of a highly stressed and competitive operating landscape given its strong capital and liquidity position, and continued to play a significant role in ensuring that credit remains available to help the Malaysian economy and to support Malaysian business and consumer economic activities. Example For the year ended 30 June 2009, Maybank recorded higher revenue of RM10.5 billion compared to RM9.6 billion last year. However, net profit was lower at RM691.9 million compared to RM2.9 billion recorded in the previous year. The lower profit was largely due to higher loan loss provisions, interest on the additional RM9.1 billion securities and subordinated debts issued in 2008 as well as the imp airment charges in relation to its investment in BII and MCB Bank of RM1.62 billion and RM353 million respectively. Excluding the impairment charges and the reversal of the allowances for the non-refundable deposit for the BII acquisition, Maybank Groups core profit after tax stood at RM2.18 billion. ( (http://www.maybank2u.com.my/)( To get more information please refer to appendix 4) 3.3 SOCIAL The changing lifestyles of Malaysia due to development of Malaysian economy should be also taking into consideration. While more people are able to purchase car and house, there are a number of housing loan and hire purchase packages that have been developed in the market to suit the particular needs of the borrower. They want to have greater innovation, value, quality in services and more conveniences that can differentiate one bank from another. Besides that, Consumers want technology in their life and facilities such as credit card payment, online banking channel for payments or opening a bank account. All these needs should also be taken into consideration. For example Maybank online portal has the largest number of payee corporations. Close to 700 types of bills can be paid via Maybank2u.com (http://www.maybank2u.com.my/) 3.4Technology Technology is widely recognised by various literatures on strategic management (Capron and Glazer, 1987; Johnson and Scholes, 1993).Over the past few decades the impact of technology, in particular information technology, is undisputed in almost every aspect of banking industry. Currently, Maybank is the established market leader in online banking in Malaysia, with the largest user base of 3.8 million customers and the highest number of web based product offerings online. Maybank2u.com was voted as the Best Brand for Banking Online and was awarded the Brand Laureate Award by the Asia Pacific Brands Foundation. Besides that, Maybank employ the latest in encryption technology to ensure safety and confidentiality of your transactions. 3.5Environmental Maybank has a strong policy that supports environmental issues. Maybank efforts to reduce its carbon footprint encompass both its operational as well as product offerings. In daily operations, environment-friendly practices are constantly encouraged. This includes recycling of paper, electronic communication, utilising energy-saving practices for lighting and air-conditioning as well as centralised printing to reduce use of individual printers and consumables. Example in introducing new products, Maybank is offering more paperless transactions, implementing electronic payment and online statements. The new American Express Gold Credit card provides online statements, while the nations first Online Bill Presentation service with Tenaga Nasional Berhad introduced electricity bill statement and online payment via Maybank2u.com.( http://www.maybank2u.com.my/) Task2 4.0 Influence of policies and decision making on E- business E-banking is defined as the automated delivery of new and traditional banking products and services directly to customers through electronic, interactive communication channels. E-banking includes the systems that enable financial institution customers, individuals or businesses, to access accounts, transact business, or obtain information on financial products and services through a public or private network, including the Internet. Customers access e-banking services using an intelligent electronic device, such as a personal computer (PC), personal digital assistant (PDA) or automated teller machine (ATM).( Institut Bank; Bank Malaysia) 4.1 Influence of policies and decision making on E- business to customer 4.1.1ATM (automated teller machines) Automated teller machines providing banking services, in particular cash dispensing service which facilitate direct withdrawals from deposit accounts and check account balance at previously unfeasible location and time. ATM are efficient in dispensing controlled amount of cash rapidly and accurately. To move customer to more efficient delivery channel, ATM handle other simple transactions, which are often categorized as being of low value to the bank.(Institut Bank ;Bank Malaysia) Maybank provide more than 2,800 ATM machines are strategically located where customers require cash to make purchases, such as at shopping centres, PETRONAS petrol service station or outside the branch premises. Maybank customers are able to conduct banking transactions after normal office hours. Maybank ATM performs banking transactions including cash withdrawals and funds transfers at customer preferred time; convenient access to cash, in local currencies, when customers are overseas. .( http://www.maybank2u.com.my/) 4.1.2E statement With the growth and maturity of online statement delivery, paperless statements are fast becoming the norm in the banking industry. Paperless statements under different service tags ranging from E-Statements, Email Statements, PDF Statements and Online Statements. Paperless statement can be made available through emails, e-banking services or over websites and are usually free of charge. Maybank bank is offering more paperless transactions, implementing electronic payment and online statements Example the new American Express Gold Credit card provides online statements, while the nations first Online. Customers are also being to switch to online statements instead of receiving printed copies. It is easy n convenient for customer to tracking personal financial and mange personal account online any time. (http://www.maybank2u.com.my/) 4.1.3Credit card(online transaction) A plastic card that allows a person to purchase goods and services by paying with money borrowed from a creditor. The borrower then repays the credit card company, often with interest. The borrower doesnt always have to pay interest, because paying the debt off on time might not result in interest being charged. http://157.166.255.31/2009/LIVING/studentnews/03/15/financial.glossary/index.html Credit card is often the most convenient method around when customers need to buy something important or when customers need to fund an emergency that occurs. Maybank offers a wide variety of credit cards. There are different types to suit different lifestyles and needs. There is the Maybank-Sogo Visa Card in Classic and Gold, The Classic and Gold MasterCard and the Classic and Gold Visa card. The Maybank credit card payment online service is a facility that is available to customers. The valued customer can pay a variety of bills over the internet by using a Maybank credit card. It saves plenty of time that would be better spent on other pursuits and projects. ( http://www.maybank2u.com.my/) There are rewards to be had when customer use the Maybank credit card payment online service. Customer becomes eligible for points under the banks GiftPoints programme when customers use their Maybank credit card to make purchases over the Internet. (http://www.maybank2u.com.my/) 4.1.4 E-shopping Improve on its policy of meeting the customer needs efficiently and effectively by assisting the commercialisation of e shopping. Customer can find it convenient and easy to online shopping from the comfort of their home or office. Maybank offer variety of product service online such as electronics, gift and collectibles, health and beauty, kids and newborn, branded fragrances, clothing and travel gear. (http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/online-shopping.html) Decision making Maybank Customers can purchase a variety of products and services online and pay conveniently by direct debit from their Maybank Savings and Current Accounts Maybank2u.com Cyber Mall offers convenient and reliable online shopping. Maybank number one focus is customer satisfaction. Customer can expect quality merchants, value for money and take advantage of special offers. Enjoy shopping at customer own convenience from customer home or office with the assurance of a secure connection. Maybank trust that shopping at Maybank2u.com Cyber Mall will be a rewarding experience.( http://mall.maybank2u.net/main.jsp?pageid=Home)(To get more information, please refer Appendix 6 ) 4.2Influence of policies and decision making on E- business to business The flagship B2B cash management system from Maybank, Maybank2e.net, remains a sought-after solution as it maintains its cutting-edge lead in managing complex financial supply chain and working capital activities under a well integrated platform. The system has expanded its capabilities and currently contains six different modules: Information Management, Payables Management, Receivables Management, Liquidity Management, and Financial Supply Chain and Corporate Services. The cash management front is becoming increasingly demanding where companies have to efficiently manage liquidity across their businesses. A strong testimony to Maybank our commitment is the number of awards accorded by international organisations to Maybank2e.net including FinanceAsia Best Cash Management Bank Country Award 2009, Best Cash Management Bank for Malaysia Asset Triple A Transactional Banking Awards, Best Local Currency Cash Management Services 2008 Award by AsiaMoney Polls and Alpha SEA Best Cash Management Bank Award. (To get more information, please refer to appendix on title of Award and Recognition.) 4.2.1 E-payment Electronic payment is any digital financial payment transaction involving currency transfer between two or more parties (source: World Bank) Internet is usually believed to be the only mode. In reality e-payments cover a much broader range (phone, interbank networks, etc)(http://www.intracen.org/e-trade/docs/nepal/catani.pdf) Maybank2e.net e-payment represents a revolution in the manner in which customer business is able to execute payment transactions. It caters for a complete range of payment transactions such as funds transfers and local / foreign remittances. Maybank e-payment also provides a comprehensive payroll service, allowing customer to automatically credit employee salaries directly into their designated accounts. Convenience is offered via the ability to submit contributions online to statutory bodies such as Employees Provident Fund (EPF) and Social Security Organization (SOCSO). (http://www.maybank2e.net/is_epayment.shtml) Submitting payments online increases the efficiency of the payment process by cutting down manual tasks and processes. Payments can be made to both Intrabank (within Maybank Group) and Interbank (other local banks) accounts through the GIRO and RENTAS platforms. All transactions are guaranteed total security with Maybank leading edge security infrastructure. With online reporting, customer access to accurate and timely information for account reconciliation. Customer can view their file status, download processed files or print a summary of the processed files. 4.2.2E security Maybank2e.net is highly committed in ensuring that all transactions performed through www.maybank2e.net are secure, safe and confidential. The security features of Maybank2e.net have been tailor-made to meet the requirements of corporate users. Maybank2e.net is located within the internal security system of the bank, which provides firewall systems, strong data encryption (128-bit SSL), anti-virus protection and round-the-clock security surveillance systems. Beside that, regular security reviews of Maybank systems by Maybank internal system auditor as well as external security experts. In additional, Maybank2e.net has incorporates a comprehensive security infrastructure, utilising binding encryption on all data transmission. Security control is further enforced via audit trails, dual control access levels and re-authentication. This guarantees that corporate user transactions are protected, private and secure at all times. 5.0Effectiveness of e-business in Maybank 5.1Electronic Banking Maybanks Consumer Banking is anchored by its strong franchise, which encompasses the most extensive ATM network coverage in Malaysia. Maybank maintains the lead in having the most number of largest ATM network in the country with market share of 32%. During the year, Maybank installed 92 Off-Bank ATMs throughout Malaysia. In January 2008, the branch network was migrated from a legacy framerelay system to an Internet Protocol Virtual Private Network (IPVPN), leading to reduction in network complexity, easier network management and improved cost effectiveness as well as exchange of encrypted confidential data. Currently the IPVPN service operates at more than 400 branch networks, over 2,800 ATMs and 160 point-of-sales merchant networks. Figure 2.0 Number of Maybank ATM and CDM From Figure 2, it shows that, Maybank has increased their number of ATM machine by 107% from 1356 to 2804 in year 2005 to 2009. Beside that, Maybank has increased their number of CDM machine by 87% from 485 to 910 in year 2005 to 2009. 5.2Online banking Maybank2u.com is the No.1 Internet banking website in Malaysia with 3.8 million registered users and a market share of over 54%. The strong growth during the year was attributed to innovative product offerings through electronic commercial transactions as well as a shift from simple fund transfers to more complex transactions. Example the First Public Report of Online Usage in Malaysia released by comScore a leader in measuring the digital world, listed Maybank2u.com as the top local site in Malaysia. The report includes a ranking of the most visited Internet properties and top visited local-based properties, based on the comScore World Metrix service. In June 2009, 9.3 million people in Malaysia age 15 and older accessed the Internet from home and work locations, with each consuming an average of 1,066 pages of content and spending nearly 14 hours online during the month. Maybank2u.com topped the list as the most visited local site, with more than 1 million visitors, reaching nearl y 12 percent of all Malaysians online, making it the most engaging site of the top 10 Malaysian properties. Table 2.0 Top 10 sites in Malaysia 5.3 New Electronic Services Maybank introduced the All-new, All-you Maybank2u.com by revamping Maybank existing website with new features in compliance with web 2.0 technology. Maybank also kicked off Malaysias first online bills summary by a bank, My Bills. Initially launched with Tenaga Nasional Berhad, users can now also view, pay and save DiGi and TM bills via this facility. Additionally, Maybank online portal enables users to make additional ASB investments online, the first and only facility in Malaysia. Launched by the Prime Minister on 21 April 2009, the facility also allows third party investment in ASB. Currently, Maybank online portal has the largest number of payee corporations. Close to 700 types of bills can be paid via Maybank2u.com. This will be further bolstered with additional Government-partnered initiatives such as online payments for Agensi Kaunseling dan Pengurusan Kredit, Skim Simpanan Pendidikan Nasional and the Ministry of Finance Housing Loan Scheme. 6.0Area to improvement 6.1Hire expertise, provide training Maybank should hire more expertise in order to implementation and administration e-banking efficiently and effectively. Beside that, Maybank should provide a holistic approach enhancing employee skills and competencies through its online e-learning programmes. The programmes include upkeep, maintenance, security and implementation of networks. All crew members should be well-trained before sending them to work career. 6.2Improve quality of maybank website (www.maybank2u.com.my/) Maybank should consume extensive amounts of time and money to define, design, develop, test, implement, and maintain website in order to improve the quality of e products and service. Beside that, Maybank staff should treating complaints seriously and resolving them as quickly and fairly as possible.If Maybank wants their Maybank2u.com to be popular among online banking website it should leave the user with a positive impression about the organization, so consumers can get an impression that the company cares about them. 6.3Increase online security Maybank should ensure that all transactions performed through their online financial service are secure, safe and confidential by installing the latest firewall systems, strong data encryption, anti-virus protection and round-the-clock security surveillance systems to detect and prevent any form of illegitimate activities on maybank network systems. Beside that, keep on update privacy protection control systems when new versions are released. So that Maybank customers can enjoy Maybank Internet Banking with total peace of mind. 6.4 Increase Maybank e shopping At Maybank2u.com Cyber Mall, Maybank offer variety categories such as electronics, gift and collectibles, health and beauty, kids and newborn, branded fragrances, clothing and travel gear but each category provides few or even none of product and service. Example the travel gear didnt provide any product or service. Maybank should find more potential and quality partner merchant, to provide more product and service to satisfies customer need and want. Beside that, Maybank need to provide multiple images from different angles for the product. An image in each color, of the front, back, and sides, and even detailed shots of specific features can all go a long way toward making a consumer more likely to buy. 7.0Conclusion In conclusion, this report analyzes both internal and external environment of Maybank, a largest financial services group established in Malaysia. Due to the length constraint of the report, there are only significant environmental factors are analysed in terms of their influence on the organization and the organizations response towards environmental changes. Internal environment factors are analyzed include products and services SWOT analysis, Vision and mission, and leadership,. Any product or policy of a company has to reviewed and make change accordingly that fit to the contemporary needs of the organization. Example the Maybank Great Manager (MGM) programme aimed at improving managerial skills, capabilities and knowledge. The external factors are political, economy, social, technology, environment and legal. Five of these factors exert tremendous pressure on Maybank business operation especially the economical factors. For Example result of the global financial crisis that saw financial giants fail or requiring Government support. Maybank remained prepared and strong. Maybank was able to withstand the challenges of a highly stressed and competitive operating landscape given its strong capital and liquidity position. The second part of the report analyzes the influence of e- business toward Maybank in terms of policy and decision making. Besides, the effectiveness of response to those concepts is studied as well. Lastly, there are few recommendations have been suggested to improve their current initiatives of knowledge management and learning organization concept. For instance, Maybank could move themselves even closer to success in e-business by Improve online security, improve maybank e- shopping, improve quality of maybank website and provide training and hire expertise. Reference Derek L. Waller, 2003, Operation Management, Italy, Gray Publishing. Capron, N. and Glazer, R. (1987), Marketing and Technology Johnson, G. and Scholes, K. (1993), Exploring Corporate Strategy Operational of Financial institution (Institut Bank; Bank Malaysia) Access From www.maybank2u.com.my/ [2 march 2009] Access from http://university-essays.tripod.com/pest_pestel_pestle_lepest_analysis.html [2 March 2009] Access from http:/

Communication Technology :: Communication

Communication Technology I began brainstorming and searching for products of nature to complete the invention portion of my writing technology assignment. I could not use any of the modern conveniences of writing. This rule totally eliminated the pen, pencil and even nail polish that crossed my mind. I also had to determine a surface for my text considering everything must be natural but not modern. I came up with the idea to use a honeydew and charcoal. The Honeydew would become my surface and the charcoal would become my writing instrument. I settled with this idea because I believed it would meet the natural and technology requirements for the assignment. This idea was not successful because the charcoal didn’t show up as well as I planned. In fact, it looked more like I was running out of charcoal and appeared very light. I realized I needed a more rugged surface. I chose a cantaloupe instead. I opted for the smallest for mobility purposes. I needed to remain universal and somehow connect the statement to our current readings. I decided to write, â€Å"Different colors, one origin, God. Love all.† The text discusses two forms of communicating, oral and written. One side favors oral communication and believes written communication is inferior the other feels oral communication is not as stable as written. One side feels written communication destroys memory. Walter Ong even compares the objections against writing to the objections urged by computers (Tribble and Trubek 2003: 79-81). Different cultures did not accpet the written word and chose to have an oral culture for this reason. " The oral world as such distresses literates because the sound is evanescent", (Tribble and Trubek 2003: 316). This means the spoken word does not have the same stability as the written word because sound can vanish. Whereas the written word can always be referenced. Thomas Watts said, â€Å"Writing is the First Step, and Essential in furnishing out the Man of Business† (Thornton 1996: 6). It is thought of being of a professional manner when you send someone a letter. This shows that you are literate and have ability to write. For example, you would send a memo to a co-worker but not to a relative.

Management Chapter Quiz

Questions for Chapter 6 True/False 1. A talented entrepreneur should be able to substitute for an experienced management team. (False) 2. The size of your organization is inversely correlated to the amount of revenue your business can derive (False) 3. Hiring a salesperson is more attractive than increasing support staff in regards to revenue generated. (True) 4. Your team members can help you to evaluate feedback from outside sources. (True) 5. Over 95% of entrepreneurs in the US report that their team members are the main source of seed financing. (False) 6.A business superstar is unlikely to possess all the business skills needed for long term success. (True) 7. Analysis of your resume will help you decide what other team members your firm needs. (True) 8. Entrepreneurs who are overly conscious of their own weaknesses are more likely to fail (True) 9. The Myers-Briggs personality type indicator can accurately predict an individual’s likelihood for success in an entrepreneur ial endeavor. (False) 10. Certain personalities are better suited for entrepreneurship than others. (False) 11. Fast, dramatic growth can be a mistake for a business. (True) 12.Early stage companies tend to be hierarchal. (False) 13. Co-founders of a start-up should work on every task and decision together. (False) 14. It is more common for teams to self-destruct because of personal conflicts than for lack of funding. (True) 15. If you decide to start a venture, you should notify your current employer as soon as possible. (True) 16. After you have started a business, it is a bad idea to combine your new job with working fulltime elsewhere. (False) 17. If employees own equity in the company, they usually work harder. (True) 18. In general, founder shares should be granted to at least 10 people. False) 19. Founder shares should be distributed equally between all founders. (False) 20. It is a mistake to distribute the entire supply of options to existing employees. (True) 21. Startups should negotiate employee salaries below market levels. (True) 22. You may find an angel investor who will guide you at the early stages of your venture. (True) 23. Free resources are poor substitutes for a qualified lawyer. (False) 24. Board members should be encouraged to act in the best interest of the principal owner exclusively. (False) 25. Company culture is incredibly difficult to change after it has been established. True) Multiple Choice 1. According to study by Babson College and London Business School, businesses with growth aspirations plan on employing more than 20 people within the next: A) 2 Years B) 3 Years C) 4 Years D) 5 Years E) None of the above (Answer – D) 2. How much, according to Robert Morris and Associates, do restaurants generate in net income before taxes on average, approximately? A) 2% B) 5% C) 10% D) 13% E) 17% (Answer – B) 3. Which of the following is true about teams? A) Teams provide constructive feedback for your ideas. B) Teams incre ase your contact network exponentially.C) Teams increase your revenue. D) Teams provide you with moral support. E) All of the above (Answer – E) 4. Which of the following should the founder of the venture do first when deciding whether or not to be the CEO of his company? A) Ask for his/her friends opinion B) Take at least three personality tests C) Review his/her resume D) Work as a hired manager for at least 4 years E) Consult with his/her team members (Answer – C) 5. Individuals that possess which of the following traits are most likely to launch their own businesses? A) Overly conscious of their own weaknessesB) An aptitude for benchmarking their competitors’ strengths C) Can objectively evaluate his strengths and weaknesses D) Emphasizes his or her strengths E) Oblivious to his or her own weaknesses (Answer – E) 6. Which of the following personality traits best predicts entrepreneurial success? A) Analytical B) Driver C) Expressive D) Amiable E) None of the above (Answer – E) 7. According to Inc. 500, what percent of entrepreneurs start businesses with their friends or family members? A) Less than 5% B) About 10% C) About 20% D) Approximately 40% E) More than 65% (Answer – D) 8. What does the movie, Startup. om, demonstrate? A) How outside financing contributes to equity B) How expensive lawyers can be C) How working together can affect the relationship of two lifelong friends D) How much the government is willing to help young entrepreneurs E) None of the above (Answer – C) 9. What opportunities can a young company offer its potential team members? A) Growth into higher management positions B) Above average market salaries C) More attractive social benefits packages D) Secure and stable jobs E) All of the above (Answer – A) 10. Which of the following should an entrepreneur do when creating a venture?A) Expropriate her current employer’s intellectual property B) Use her employer’s resou rces for the new venture C) Notify her current employer about the intention to create a new venture D) Spend all her time working for the new venture E) Live off her savings (Answer – C) 12. According to the chapter, which of the following is not an acceptable means of maintaining an entrepreneurs’ personal cash flow? A) Working full-time and devoting time to the new venture B) Working part-time and devoting time to the new venture C) Living off personal savings D) Living for his/her spouses’ income E) All of the above are acceptable Answer – E) 13. Which of the following is not a reason for distributing equity among employees? A) New companies often can’t pay market rates for salary and wages B) Including some equity in the compensation package aligns the employee with the company C) The sense of ownership boosts morale D) Distributing equity among employees reduces the risk of hostile takeover E) Having some equity, he team sticks together during the rough times in the early launch phase (Answer – D) 14. None of the following tools are usually considered a reward for â€Å"sweat equity,† except: A) Founder shares B) Option poolC) Restricted stock D) Stock appreciation rights E) Phantom stock (Answer – A) 15. What are the disadvantages of distributing founder shares equally among all co-founders? A) The lack of a primary shareholder slows down the decision making process B) CEO may be doing as much work as CEOs of comparable companies, but have less potential upside C) Such distribution makes unwanted acquisitions easy D) A and B E) A and C (Answer – D) 16. Options give the holder the right to: A) Increase the number of the company shares he is allowed to purchase B) Buy a share in the company at a below-market rateC) Secure a salary increase on a regular basis D) Sell his stocks on the open market for more than the prevailing market price E) Demand a refund on his contribution to company’s equity (Answer – B) 17. What attribute characterizes â€Å"restricted stock†? A) Does not grant voting rights B) Cost less per share C) Become vested over time D) Has a reduced interest rate E) Higher liquidation priority than unsecured debt (Answer – C) 18. Stock appreciation rights of employees accrue only if: A) The stock price decreases B) Combined with options C) The employees perform well D) The stock price increases E) None of the above Answer – D) 19. All of the following is true about phantom stocks except: A) They are expensed over the vesting period B) They give employees the right to own equity C) The company needs cash when phantom stocks are exercised D) They grant the holders additional voting power E) They lower the dilution effect (Answer – D) 20. Which of the following are not mentioned in the chapter as external team members? A) Board of Directors B) Lawyers C) Accountants D) Angel investors E) Foreign partners (Answer – E) 21. What is the minimum expected level of lawyers’ fees? A) $50/hour B) $100/hour C) $150/hour D) $200/hour E) $250/hour Answer – C) 22. Inappropriate sources of members for Board of Advisors include: A) Shareholders’ representatives B) Entrepreneurs C) Individual with insights about your target customer D) Your professors E) Venture capitalists (Answer – A) 23. Which of the following is true about a company’s culture? A) A company’s culture is relatively easy to change B) As a company grows, it is common for the culture to evolve C) More team members will fit your company’s culture over time D) Problems with the team do not arise in companies with strong culture E) All elements of a company’s culture constantly change (Answer – B) 4. By making your team members work long hours, you put them at risk of: A) Burnout B) Family pressure C) Stress D) Reduced efficiency E) All of the above (Answer –E) 25. You are lea st likely to resolve an interpersonal conflict in your team by: A) Firing one of the parties B) Hiring an outside expert who is perceived as a neutral party C) Explaining to the parties involved that their arguments reduce the team’s efficiency D) Mediating between the parties E) Transferring one of the parties to another team (Answer – C) Open ended 1. Explain why solo entrepreneurs are generally less successful than team players. a.A team is able to do more than the entrepreneur can on his or her own. b. Solo entrepreneurs suffer from a number of shortcomings, including a limited perspective, little moral support, and a small network c. Solo entrepreneurs often fail to get sufficient feedback on their ideas. d. If you build your team wisely you will gain access to a broader range of contacts. e. A team rounds out the skill set needed to launch a business 2. What are some of the methods used to identify an entrepreneur’s strengths and weaknesses? a. Self-assess ment b. Conducting feedback analysis c. Talk to people who know you well and whom you respect. . Take a psychological or a personality test. 3. What valuable contributions can your team members bring to your company? a. Professional knowledge b. Money required to start a business c. Resources/contacts d. Managerial skills 4. What are some indicators of the right co-founders and team members for your start-up? a. Everyone can contribute meaningful skills to the business. b. You can work together without personal issues standing in the way. c. Your team members are excited about the venture and its future. 5. Describe the pros and cons of a dual job strategy at the early stages of the venture. a.Pros: you have a source of cash for you to live on while you are developing your idea; you can keep the job if you see that your new start-up is not progressing well. b. Cons: dual jobs mean that you have to work over nights and weekends; you cannot use your current company’s resources or compete with it until you quit; and, simply, your current job limits the time that you can dedicate to the venture. 6. Give examples of compensations used to make your start-up attractive for valuable team members. a. Founder Shares b. Option pool c. Restricted stock d. Stock appreciation rights e. Phantom stock 7.Explain the benefits, to the firm, of a vesting schedule for employee options and shares. a. Vesting basically means that people earn their shares or options over time, usually over four or more years. b. Without a vesting schedule, employees can leave the company soon after being hired and retain 100% of their options or shares. c. A vesting schedule adds additional incentives for employees to remain with the company for the entire vesting period, usually four or more years. 8. Who should you invite to join the Board of Advisors of your firm and why? a. Professors – for their fundamental knowledge b.Current and former entrepreneurs – for their practical k nowledge and experience c. Professional investors such as venture capitalists and angels – for network extension and fund raising d. Suppliers for your firm – for insights about new customer and market trends 9. Why are lawyers and accountants considered to be external members of your team? a. Your lawyer will most likely work very closely with you and will know everything about your company. Therefore, it is essential that he offers a highly customized service to you and his contributions are usually as important as those of your team members. . An accountant is a trained business professional who can help you analyze the strengths and weaknesses of your company’s financial performance. He or she may be able to find ways to improve cash flow, strengthen margins, and identify tax benefits. c. Both lawyers and accountants represent another spoke in your network, as both groups frequently have a long list of business and professional contacts. This can include eve rything from potential partners, customers, angel investor networks, and venture capital firms. 10. Three major problems your team may face are burnout, interpersonal conflicts and family pressure.Describe how you can prevent and overcome them. a. Listen to each team member, not only about the progress of their assignments, but also about the stresses they may be feeling b. You can introduce stress-relieving activities, or bonding experiences such as the Friday happy hour, or the lunchtime basketball game c. Counsel your team members to set expectations for their families even before they join your team d. Resolve interpersonal conflicts as quickly as possible or they may escalate to the point where they are destructive – mediate, hire an outside expert, or fire one of the arguing parties